“尽管”的英文表达有哪些？
“尽管”的英文表达有5种方式，它们分别是“ Though、Although、Even though、Despite、In spite of”。它们的意思相似，都用于两种事物之间的对比，中文都有“尽管”的意思。
这5个词容易混淆，搞清楚它们的用法非常有必要。我们将“ Though、Although、Even though”放在一起讨论，将“ Despite、 In spite of”放在一起讨论。
一、 “Despite” 与 “In spite of”的用法
“ Despite”与“ In spite of”这两个词都有“尽管”的意思，主要用于书面语中，“ Despite”比“ In spite of”更正式一些。它们都是介词短语，都可以用在句子的开头或中间，在句子结构中的用法是一致的。
1、 “Despite/ In spite of + 名词”的表达
“Despite、 In spite of ”后面可跟名词。例如：
We enjoyed our trip in spite of the rain. 尽管下雨，我们还是玩得很开心。
Despite the pain in his leg he finished the race. 尽管腿痛，他还是完成了比赛。
2、“ Despite/ In spite of + 动名词”的表达
“Despite、 In spite of ”后面可跟动名词。例如：
Despite having all the necessary qualifications, they didn't offer me the job. 尽管具备了所有必要的条件，他们还是没有给我这份工作。
In spite of my warnings, he kept on smoking. 他不顾我的警告，继续抽烟。
3、“ Despite/ In spite of + the fact that”的表达
“ Despite”与“ In spite of”后面不能直接跟从句，如果要跟从句的话，必须在“ Despite”与“ In spite of”后面加上“the fact”。例如：
Despite the fact that it was raining, the football team continued their training session. 尽管天在下雨，足球队仍然继续训练。
In spite of the fact that he worked very hard, he didn't pass the exam. 尽管他学习很努力，他还是没有通过考试。
总结: “ Despite”除了比“ In spite of”更正式以外，在句子结构中的用法完全一样，它们之间可以互换。
二、“ Although”与“ Though、 Even though”的用法
“ Although、Though、 Even though”这三个词都是连词，在两种事物的对比中起连接作用，中文都有“尽管”的意思。与“ Despite/in spite of”相比，它们在口语中使用较多。“ Though”比“ Although”在口语中更常见，当我们想要强调两种事物之间形成的对比时，我们用“Even though“。
1、“ Although”与“ Though、 Even though”放在句子开头时，这时从句出现在主句之前，从句后面要加一个逗号。例如:
Although he has lived in an English-speaking country for many years, he still doesn't speak English. 尽管他在英语国家生活了很多年，但他还是不会说英语。
Though there wasn't much time, we managed to finish our work on time. 虽然时间不够多，我们还是设法按时完成的工作。
Even though you told me ten times, I still forgot. 尽管你告诉我10次，我还是忘了。
2、“ Although”与“ Though、 Even though”放在句子中间时，这时主句在前面，主句后面不需要加逗号。例如：
He was very energetic although he was old. 尽管他老了，他还是充满活力。
I still feel hungry even though I had a big lunch. 尽管我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐，我还是感到饿了。
3、“ Although、 Though、 Even though”都可以放在句子的开头和中间，但是“ Though”还可以放在句子的结尾，作副词用，相当于“However”，中文为“不过、不管怎样、无论如何”。例如：
A: That's a lot of money for a ring. 买一枚戒指要花很多钱。
B: It's totally worth it, though. 不过，完全值得。
4、“ Although”与“ Though、 Even though.”引导的从句可以简化。
当“Although、Though、 Even though”引导的从句放在前面，从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，我们可以省略从句的主语和助动词，简化从句使句子更简洁。例如:
Although she didn't want to go, she went to work.尽管她不想去，她还是去上班了。
可以简化为: Although not wanting to go, she went to work.
Though the new machine is more expensive, it is safer and more efficient. 尽管这个新机器更昂贵，但是它更安全更有效。
可以简化为: Though more expensive, the new machine is safer and more efficient.
总结: “ Although”与“ Though、 Even though”放在句子的开头或中间时，他们的意思是一样的，都是“尽管”。“ Though”比“ Although”在口语中使用更常见，“ Even though”强调前后两个事物的对比。只有“ Though”可以使用在句子结尾，相当于“However”。
